Estimated Fetal Weight and Placental Thickness in Hypertensive and Non-hypertensive Women Diagnosed on Ultrasound: A Case Control Study

Estimated Fetal Weight and Placental Thickness

Authors

  • Maryam Mubbarka University Institute of Radiological and Medical Imaging Sciences, University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus
  • Akash John University Institute of Radiological and Medical Imaging Sciences, University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus
  • Abid Ali Department of Allied Health Sciences, Student, University Institute of Radiological and Medical Imaging Sciences, University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus
  • Khadija Bakhtawar University Institute of Radiological and Medical Imaging Sciences, University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus
  • Warda Kiran University Institute of Radiological and Medical Imaging Sciences, University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v5i4.353

Keywords:

Estimated Fetal Weight, Placental Thickness, Hypertension, Ultrasound

Abstract

The placenta is responsible for development and growth of fetus. It is evident that healthy fetus requires development of the placenta during pregnancy. Hypertension can have unfavorable impact on placental development affecting fetal weight or placental thickness. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare estimated fetal weight and placental thickness among hypertensive and non-hypertensive women. Material and Methodology: It is a case-control study carried out at Private Sector Hospital in Gujrat, Pakistan over a three-month period, from January 2022 to March 2022. The sample size of patients was calculated as 40 in both groups as cases and controls using purposive sampling technique. All hypertensive women in second and third trimesters were included after informed consent. The scan was performed on ultrasound machine (Aplio 300) using a trans-abdominal approach to examine in a supine position. The SPSS software version 20 was used to analyze the data. Results: The age of pregnant women ranged between 19 to 44 years with mean age of 28.6 years. The gravidity ranged from 1 to 7 and gestational age between 19 to 38 weeks. The fetal weight in hypertensive pregnancy (1.9 ± 0.6) and normal pregnancy (2.7 ± 0.45) was found statistically significant. A hypertensive woman carries a fetus with low weight as compared to non-hypertensive. The placental thickness in hypertensive pregnant women was 4.1 ± 0.7 and in normal pregnant women was 3.9 ± 0.8 and had no significant difference. Conclusion: In conclusion there was significant difference between fetal weights among hypertensive and non-hypertensive pregnancies. A hypertensive woman carries a fetus with low weight as compared to non-hypertensive. There was no association found between placental thicknesses.

References

Kambale T, Iqbal B, Ramraje S, Swaimul K, Salve S. Placental morphology and fetal implications in pregnancies complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension. Medical Journal of Dr DY Patil University. 2016;9(3):341.

https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-2870.182505

Wang Y, editor Vascular biology of the placenta. Colloquium Series on integrated systems physiology: from molecule to function; 2010: Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences.

https://doi.org/10.4199/C00016ED1V01Y201008ISP009

Elfahal SEE. AStudy of Placenta Thickness and Fetal Weight in Hypertensive Pregnant Women using Ultrasounography: Sudan University of Science and Technology; 2020.

Bomakkal K, Pradesh a. morphometric study of placenta and its correlation in normal and hypertensive pregnancies. pradeep s londhe*, abhay b mane 2.

Sharma R, Radhakrishnan G, Manchanda S, Singh S. Umbilical coiling index assessment during routine fetal anatomic survey: a screening tool for fetuses at risk. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India. 2018;68(5):369-375.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-017-1046-8

Afrakhteh M, Moeini A, Taheri MS, Haghighatkhah HR. Correlation between placental thickness in the second and third trimester and fetal weight. Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia. 2013;35:317-322.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-72032013000700006

Jauniaux E, Collins S, Burton GJ. Placenta accreta spectrum: pathophysiology and evidence-based anatomy for prenatal ultrasound imaging. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2018;218(1):75-87.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2017.05.067

AbdAlla NMM. Characterization of Placenta and Measurement of Umbilical Artery in Third Trimester in Diabetic Women using Ultrasound: Sudan University of Science and Technology; 2019.

Tiruneh ST. Correlation between gross morphology of the human placenta and birth weight in normotensive and pre-eclamptic pregnancies in Northwest Ethiopia. Anatomy. 2018;12(1):27-32.

https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.18.006

Jauniaux E, Jurkovic D, Campbell S. In vivo investigations of the anatomy and the physiology of early human placental circulations. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology: The Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1991;1(6):435-445.

https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0705.1991.01060435.x

Weissman A, Jakobi P, Bronshtein M, Goldstein I. Sonographic measurements of the umbilical cord and vessels during normal pregnancies. Journal of ultrasound in medicine. 1994;13(1):11-14.

https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.1994.13.1.11

Sankar KD, Bhanu PS, Ramalingam K, Kiran S, Ramakrishna B. Histomorphological and morphometrical changes of placental terminal villi of normotensive and preeclamptic mothers. Anatomy & cell biology. 2013;46(4):285-290.

https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.2013.46.4.285

Agatisa PK, Ness RB, Roberts JM, Costantino JP, Kuller LH, McLaughlin MK. Impairment of endothelial function in women with a history of preeclampsia: an indicator of cardiovascular risk. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2004;286(4):H1389-H1393.

https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00298.2003

Abalos E, Cuesta C, Carroli G, Qureshi Z, Widmer M, Vogel J, et al. Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, and Adverse Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes: A Secondary Analysis of the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health. Obstetric Anesthesia Digest. 2015;35(1):20-21.

https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aoa.0000460388.60101.38

Khader YS, Batieha A, Al-Njadat RA, Hijazi SaS. Preeclampsia in Jordan: incidence, risk factors, and its associated maternal and neonatal outcomes. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine. 2018;31(6):770-776.

https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2017.1297411

Abalos E, Cuesta C, Carroli G, Qureshi Z, Widmer M, Vogel J, et al. Pre‐eclampsia, eclampsia and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: a secondary analysis of the W orld H ealth O rganization Multicountry S urvey on M aternal and N ewborn H ealth. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2014;121:14-24.

https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12629

Surányi A, Altorjay Á, Kaiser L, Nyári T, Németh G. Evaluation of placental vascularization by three-dimensional ultrasound examination in second and third trimester of pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertension: An International Journal of Women's Cardiovascular Health. 2017;8:51-59.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preghy.2017.03.004

Mateus J, Newman RB, Zhang C, Pugh SJ, Grewal J, Kim S, et al. Fetal growth patterns in pregnancy-associated hypertensive disorders: NICHD Fetal Growth Studies. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2019;221(6):635. e1-. e16.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.028

Lindheimer MD, Taylor RN, Roberts JM, Cunningham FG, Chesley L. Introduction, history, controversies, and definitions. Chesley's hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: Elsevier; 2015. p. 1-24.

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407866-6.00001-8

Altorjay ÁT, Surányi A, Nyári T, Németh G. Use of placental vascularization indices and uterine artery peak systolic velocity in early detection of pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes, chronic or gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia at risk. Croatian Medical Journal. 2017;58(2):161.

https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2017.58.161

Poon L, Kametas NA, Chelemen T, Leal A, Nicolaides K. Maternal risk factors for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: a multivariate approach. Journal of human hypertension. 2010;24(2):104-110.

https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2009.45

Von Dadelszen P, Magee LA. Preventing deaths due to the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Best practice & research Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology. 2016;36:83-102.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.05.005

Wang W, Xie X, Yuan T, Wang Y, Zhao F, Zhou Z, et al. Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: a population‐based study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2021;21(1):1-10.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03809-2

Magee LA, Sharma S, Nathan HL, Adetoro OO, Bellad MB, Goudar S, et al. The incidence of pregnancy hypertension in India, Pakistan, Mozambique, and Nigeria: a prospective population-level analysis. PLoS medicine. 2019;16(4):e1002783.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002783

Nisa SU, Shaikh AA, Kumar R. Maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders in a tertiary care hospital in Sukkur, Pakistan. Cureus. 2019;11(8).

https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.5507

Baloch AH, Memon SF, Ansari AK. Comparison of placentae from hypertension associated pregnancies and normal pregnancies. J Liquat Uni Med Health Sci. 2012;11(1):3-6.

Nandanwar RA, Wahane AM, Dange NS. The Relation between development of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and location of placenta among the pregnant women in Bastar Region. Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology. 2015;2(4):169-173.

https://doi.org/10.5958/2394-2126.2015.00014.6

Krishna U, Bhalerao S. Placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India. 2011;61(5):505-511.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-011-0092-x

Chhatwal J, Chaudhary DN, Chauhan N. Placental changes in hypertensive pregnancy: a comparison with normotensive pregnancy. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2018;7(9):3808-3814.

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183799

Nahar L, Nahar K, Hossain M, Jahan S, Rahman M. Placental changes in pregnancy induced hypertension. Mymensingh Medical Journal: MMJ. 2013;22(4):684-693.

Downloads

Published

2022-04-30
CITATION
DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v5i4.353
Published: 2022-04-30

How to Cite

Mubbarka, M. ., John, A. ., Ali, A. ., Bakhtawar , K. ., & Kiran, W. . (2022). Estimated Fetal Weight and Placental Thickness in Hypertensive and Non-hypertensive Women Diagnosed on Ultrasound: A Case Control Study: Estimated Fetal Weight and Placental Thickness. Pakistan BioMedical Journal, 5(4), 67–71. https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v5i4.353

Issue

Section

Original Article

Plaudit

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 1 2 3 4 > >>