Impact of Short Birth Spacing on Maternal Anemia at District Head Quarters Hospital Nankana Sahib
Impact of Short Birth Spacing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i11.960Keywords:
Pregnancy, Birth spacing, Anemia, Maternal complicationsAbstract
Short birth intervals are independently associated with increased risk of adverse maternal, perinatal, infant and child outcomes. Maternal anemia is one of the commonest complications of short birth spacing that further can enhance the risk of poor fetal and maternal outcome. Objective: To determine the effect of short birth spacing on maternal anemia at District Headquarters Hospital Nankana Sahib. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was done at Gynecology and obstetrics Department of District Headquarters Hospital Nankana sahib. A total of 135 pregnant women of 18 to 40 years’ age, 18 to 59 months of inter-pregnancy intervals were included. All the demographic and clinical data was collected according to predesigned questionnaire. Results: In this study all females were anemic, whereas there were 57(42.22%) females had mild anemia, 61(45.19%) females had moderate and 17(12.59%) females had severe anemia. There was association between severity of Hb levels with higher age group, lower socioeconomic status, previous history of vaginal + C-section and females with third trimester. Moreover, there was significantly negative correlation between Hb levels and higher gravida, p-value ≤ 0.05. Conclusions: Itis concluded from the results of our study that all mothers had different degrees of anemia. There was a statistically significant association between severity of Hb levels with higher age group, lower socioeconomic status, previous history of vaginal + C-section and females with third trimester (p < 0.05). While, no significant association and a negative correlation was found between Hb levels and multigravida (r = - 0.181 & p = 0.035).
References
Cheslack Postava K and Winter AS. Short and long interpregnancy intervals: correlates and variations by pregnancy timing among US women. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2015 Mar; 47(1): 19-26. doi: 10.1363/47e2615. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1363/47e2615
Agrawal S, Chaudhary M, Das V, Agarwal A, Pandey A, Kumar N, et al., Association of long and short interpregnancy intervals with maternal outcomes. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2022 Jun; 11(6): 2917-22. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2231_21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2231_21
Sanga LA, Mtuy T, Philemon RN, Mahande MJ. Inter-pregnancy interval and associated adverse maternal outcomes among women who delivered at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in Tanzania, 2000-2015. PLOS ONE. 2020 Feb; 15(2): e0228330. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228330
World Health Organization. Report of a WHO technical consultation on birth spacing: Geneva, Switzerland 13-15 June 2005. World Health Organization; 2007. Last cited 16th Nov 2023. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/69855/WHO_RHR_07.1_eng.pdf.
Barbosa R, Alves MT, Nathasje I, Chagas D, Simões VF, Silva L. Factors associated with inadequate birth intervals in the Brisa Birth Cohort, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020 Apr; 42: 67-73. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1701463. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701463
Exavery A, Mrema S, Shamte A, Bietsch K, Mosha D, Mbaruku G, et al., Levels and correlates of non-adherence to WHO recommended inter-birth intervals in Rufiji, Tanzania. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2012 Dec; 12: 1-8. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-12-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-12-152
Raj A, McDougal L, Rusch ML. Effects of young maternal age and short interpregnancy interval on infant mortality in South Asia. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2014 Jan;124(1):86-7. doi; 10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.07.027. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.07.027
Lilungulu A, Matovelo D, Kihunrwa A, Gumodoka B. Spectrum of maternal and perinatal outcomes among parturient women with preceding short inter-pregnancy interval at Bugando Medical Centre, Tanzania. Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology. 2015 Dec; 1(1): 1-7. doi: 10.1186/s40748-014-0002-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-014-0002-1
Bryant A, Fernandez-Lamothe A, Kuppermann M. Attitudes toward birth spacing among low-income, postpartum women: a qualitative analysis. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2012 Oct; 16: 1440-6. doi: 10.1007/s10995-011-0911-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-011-0911-9
Rahmati S, Delpishe A, Azami M, Ahmadi MR, Sayehmiri K. Maternal Anemia during pregnancy and infant low birth weight: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine. 2017 Mar; 15(3): 125-34. doi: 10.29252/ijrm.15.3.125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/ijrm.15.3.125
Sridhar A and Salcedo J. Optimizing maternal and neonatal outcomes with postpartum contraception: impact on breastfeeding and birth spacing. Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology. 2017 Dec; 3: 1-0. doi: 10.1186/s40748-016-0040-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-016-0040-y
Shrestha P, Mahato V, Karmacharya S. Effect of inter-pregnancy interval on maternal and fetal outcome. Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2020 Jun; 15(1): 58-61. doi: 10.3126/njog.v15i1.29343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/njog.v15i1.29343
Murtaza K, Saleem Z, Jabeen S, Alzahrani AK, Kizilbash N, Soofi SB, et al., Impact of interpregnancy intervals on perinatal and neonatal outcomes in a multiethnic Pakistani population. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 2022 Dec; 68(6): 088. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmac088. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmac088
Ara J, Badshah MK, Israr S, Gul H, Fida S, Khan MK. Frequency of short interpregnancy interval in preterm birth. The Professional Medical Journal. 2021 Apr; 28(4): 485-90. doi: 10.29309/TPMJ/2021.28.04.4742. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29309/TPMJ/2021.28.04.4742
Kassa GM, Muche AA, Berhe AK, Fekadu GA. Prevalence and determinants of anemia among pregnant women in Ethiopia; a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Hematology. 2017 Dec; 17: 1-9. doi: 10.1186/s12878-017-0090-z. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12878-017-0090-z
Onwuka CC, Ugwu EO, Obi SN, Onwuka CI, Dim CC, Eleje GU, et al., Effects of Short InterPregnancy Interval on Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes: A Cohort Study of Pregnant Women in a LowIncome Country. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2020 Jul; 23(7): 928-33. doi; 10.4103/njcp.njcp_423_19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_423_19
Weiss A, Sela HY, Rotem R, Grisaru-Granovsky S, Rottenstreich M. Recurrent short interpregnancy interval: Maternal and neonatal outcomes. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2021 Sep; 264: 299-305. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.07.040. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.07.040
Mruts KB, Gebremedhin AT, Tessema GA, Scott JA, Pereira G. Interbirth interval and maternal anaemia in 21 sub-Saharan African countries: A fractional-polynomial analysis. PLOS ONE. 2022 Sep; 17(9): e0275155. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275155
Mubasher S, Akram H, Abbas A. Impact of Short Inter Pregnancy Interval on Anemia, Miscarriage and Fetal Low Birth Weight Babies. Pakistan Journal of Medical Health Sciences. 2019; 13(4): 840-50.
Hanley GE, Hutcheon JA, Kinniburgh BA, Lee L. Interpregnancy interval and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2017 Mar 1;129(3):408-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000001891
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Pakistan BioMedical Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal and all the published articles / items are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For comments editor@pakistanbmj.com
