Allelic Distribution of the Colton Blood Group System in Pakistani Blood Donors: Allelic Distribution of the Colton Blood Group System

Sara Ali Jadoon; Muhammad Tariq Hamayun Khan; Nayab Sarwar; Maryam Zahra; Dur E Nayab; Saira Nasr Malik

doi:10.54393/pbmj.v9i8.1413

Authors

Sara Ali Jadoon Department of Pathology, Women Medical and Dental College, Abbottabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Tariq Hamayun Khan Department of Pathology, Burns and Plastic Surgery Centre, Hayatabad, Peshawar, Pakistan
Nayab Sarwar Department of Chemical Pathology, Pak International Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
Maryam Zahra Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Allied Sciences, Haripur, Pakistan
Dur E Nayab Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
Saira Nasr Malik Department of Hematology, Khyber Medical College, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v9i8.1413

Keywords:

Colton, Hemolytic, Disease, Fetus, Transfusion

Abstract

More than 300 blood group antigens from 33 separate blood group systems have been characterized, many of which are highly immunogenic. The blood group genes are highly polymorphic among various populations. Colton blood group antigens, for example, are clinically important, and the presence of antibodies against them can cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn and hemolytic transfusion reactions. Objectives: To find the allelic distribution and the genotype frequencies of CO1 and CO2 of the Colton blood group system among the Pakistani blood donors. Methods: A cross-sectional study at the Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion, Rawalpindi, took place from March 2020 to March 2021 with ethical approval. The study selected 300 blood donors and extracted DNA from their EDTA-anticoagulated blood using a kit. After determining ABO and Rh D groups, CO1 and CO2 alleles were identified via Sequence Specific Priming PCR. The study analyzed the amplified products by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, calculated gene frequencies, and performed statistical analysis using the chi-square test. Results: The CO1 and CO2 allele frequencies were 0.997 and 0.003, respectively. The most common was CO1/CO1 (99.7%), and CO2/CO2 (0.3%), and no CO1/CO2 heterozygous was found. There was no indication of a non-uniform distribution of genotypes (χ 2 = 0.36, p >0.05) in relation to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Conclusion: The CO1 allele can be found widely in the Pakistani population, and through this, the pattern of the Colton blood group allele and the practice of transfusion in Pakistan can be explained.

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